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6.18.2006

bioluminescent evening

Yesterday evening we drove to the mountains, Elkmont specifically, to see fireflies! We have some fireflies in our backyard. . . but it's nothing like what we saw last night!

Before dark, we walked on the trails and explored. The tree growing between the boulders in the creek was cool.

Eleven years ago a long-time occupant of one of the Elkmont summer cottages in the Great Smoky Mountains wrote to a scientist that she thought she had something special in her backyard. Little did she know just how “special” the thing was.

Georgia Southern University professor Dr. Jonathon Copeland identified the phenomenon as synchronized fireflies, one of the first confirmed occurrences in North America. Copeland knew because he had been going to tropical rivers in Southeast Asia** to study fireflies that flash in unison for years.

Since that time, what was once a strictly neighborhood amusement has become a mass audience spectator event. Some June nights last year over 1,000 people came to Elkmont to see the blinking waves and cascades of flying bioluminescent critters.

Fireflies (also called lightning bugs) are really beetles. They take from one to two years to mature from larvae, but will live as adults for only about 21 days. Their light patterns are part of the adulthood mating display. Each species of firefly has a characteristic flash pattern that helps its male and female individuals recognize each other. Most species produce a greenish-yellow light; one species has a bluish light. The males fly and flash and the usually stationary females respond with a flash.

The production of light by living organisms is called bioluminescence. Many species of insects and marine creatures are capable of it. Fireflies combine the chemical luciferin and oxygen with the enzyme luciferase in their lanterns (part of their abdomens) to make light. This chemical reaction is very efficient and produces little or no heat.

Synchronous fireflies (Photinus carolinus) are one of the 14 species at the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. They are the only species in the Americas whose individuals can synchronize their flashing patterns. No one is sure why the fireflies flash synchronously. Competition between males may be one reason: they all want to be the first to flash. Or perhaps if the males all flash together they have a better chance of being noticed, and the females can make better comparisons. The fireflies do not always flash in unison. They may flash in waves across hillsides, and at other times will flash randomly. Synchrony occurs in short bursts that end with abrupt periods of darkness.

Several years ago while we were visiting Ed's Aunt in Puerto Rico, we visited Bioluminescent Bay in Vieques. I love stuff like that - anything the glows or shines (i.e. geodes).


**
Southeast Asia includes:
1. Brunei
2. Cambodia
3. East Timor
4. Indonesia
5. Loaos
6. Malaysia
7. Myanmar
8. Philippines
9. Singapore
10. Thailand
11. Vietnam



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